Sanguinarine Improves Intestinal Health in Grass Carp Fed High-Fat Diets: Involvement of Antioxidant, Physical and Immune Barrier, and Intestinal Microbiota

An eight-week trial was conducted to investigate the effects of sanguinarine supplementation (600 μg and 1200 μg/kg) in high-fat (crude fat: 10%) diets (HF) on intestinal physiological function Ctenopharyngodon idellus (initial weight 50.21 ± 0.68 g), based a basic diet (5% crude fat, CON), which were named HFLS HFHS, respectively. The results showed that HF significantly impaired immune physical barrier function, disrupted balance microbiota grass carp. Compared diet, improved levels serum C4, C3, AKP, IgA, IgM, enhanced antioxidant capacity (gr, CuZnsod, gpx4, cat, gsto, nrf2 expression up-regulated). Sanguinarine down-regulated claudin-15 up-regulated claudin-b, claudin-c, occludin, zo-1 by inhibiting MLCK signaling molecules. Additionally, il-6, il-1β, tnf-α il-10, tgf-β2, tgf-β1 NF-κB molecules, thereby alleviating inflammation caused diets. Furthermore, compared abundance Fusobacterium Cetobacterium HFHS increased significantly, while Firmicutes Streptococcus opposite trend. In conclusion, had negative impact carp, ability, alleviated damage, ameliorated homeostasis microbiota.